{"id":1650,"date":"2009-06-06T10:23:11","date_gmt":"2009-06-06T14:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shermandorn.com\/wordpress\/?p=1650"},"modified":"2009-06-06T10:23:11","modified_gmt":"2009-06-06T14:23:11","slug":"sifting-priorities-micro-and-macro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/?p=1650","title":{"rendered":"Sifting priorities, micro and macro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I had such good intentions this morning. After dropping off my daughter at the High School o&#8217; SATs, I figured I&#8217;d sit in the local Starbucks and read student work while she was wearing down No. 2 pencils. So there I was at about 7:45 in the morning, listening to slightly-too-loud Sinatra and reading drafts of one section of the major paper for the class I&#8217;m teaching this summer. After about a third of the batch, I bailed on both student reading and the environment of too-loud soft music and too-loud jovial fellow customers. I listened to Scott Simon&#8217;s interview of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.n7house.de\/\">Naturally 7<\/a> while driving a few blocks to the library branch that just opened up, and I&#8217;ll sit here for the meantime, trying to figure out what to do for the rest of the weekend. As usual, I have Too Much to do, and I have to do some of it and not the rest. May I make the choices wisely, but more importantly, may I make the choices consciously.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr width=\"25%\">\n<p>In many ways, education policy and policy debates are about the same<br \/>\ntypes of choices: you can&#8217;t do everything at once, you can&#8217;t fix<br \/>\neverything at once, and being ambitious requires being selective about<br \/>\nwhere you spend energy. It also requires a big-picture perspective.<br \/>\nThat&#8217;s part of why I shook my head at <a href=\"http:\/\/ednotesonline.blogspot.com\/2009\/06\/why-sell-out.html\">Norm Scott&#8217;s confectionary history of UFT<\/a>.<br \/>\nThere&#8217;s an important role for internal debates inside unions, and I<br \/>\nhave respect for UFT activists who are willing to go toe-to-toe with<br \/>\nthe most powerful teachers union leader in the country, but there are<br \/>\nhuge leaps of logic in Scott&#8217;s thumbnail history and a failure to see a<br \/>\ncrucial big-picture issue. <\/p>\n<p>Scott assumed that there was an<br \/>\noverarching &#8220;sellout strategy&#8221; that Al Shanker consistently used after<br \/>\nspring 1968, and that the sellout strategy was based on a circumscribed<br \/>\nrealpolitik vision of unions:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>After the brutal &#8217;68<br \/>\nstrike Albert Shanker knew the UFT could never again win much more than<br \/>\nsalary increases for teachers, and at some point only those at the<br \/>\nexpense of selling out. Thus over the next 15 years was born the &#8220;new<br \/>\nunionism&#8221; where the union no longer is an antagonist but a cooperative<br \/>\npartner with management.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The problem with this argument is not that it has <i>no <\/i>basis<br \/>\nin fact but that it gives far too much credit to a single individual<br \/>\nfor the direction of the UFT (and AFT). Shanker was certainly a<br \/>\nforceful unionist, and both the UFT and AFT were shaped by his<br \/>\nleadership, but the general dilemmas facing UFT in 1968 were not new or<br \/>\nunique, Shanker would never have been able to take the UFT on strike<br \/>\nwithout the agreement of hundreds of UFT leaders, and there is<br \/>\nsomething odd about the obsession of union dissenters with a single<br \/>\nleader. <\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s the last that&#8217;s the most surprising to me on<br \/>\nboth intellectual and political grounds. If I were a member of ICE (a<br \/>\ndissenting caucus within UFT), I would not be obsessing about Randi<br \/>\nWeingarten. While focusing on individual targets can be useful for<br \/>\nenergizing one&#8217;s base, it&#8217;s useless for public discussion and the nuts<br \/>\nand bolts of organizing and campaigning. To put it bluntly, it&#8217;s<br \/>\nfollowing the reasoning template offered by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nypost.com\/\">New York Post<\/a>,<br \/>\nwhose editorial board loves to focus on personalities and the imagined<br \/>\nvirtues and vices of key figures. Imagine for a second that Shanker had<br \/>\ndied fifteen years earlier than he did, in 1982 rather than 1997. How<br \/>\nwould the history of the AFT have been different? <\/p>\n<p>Oh, wait.<br \/>\nWe don&#8217;t have to speculate. We can look at what&#8217;s happened to the AFT<br \/>\nin the past 12 years, since his death. There have certainly been<br \/>\nstylistic differences, and the AFT has a far less closed culture (and<br \/>\nis thus healthier) than it was at Shanker&#8217;s death. But many of the<br \/>\nstrategic decisions taken in the late 1990s and early part of this<br \/>\ndecade would probably have been taken if Shanker had been alive, and it<br \/>\nwasn&#8217;t because anyone at AFT held seances to figure out &#8220;what Al would<br \/>\nthink&#8221; (despite the jokes made about Richard Kahlenberg&#8217;s attempt to<br \/>\nchannel Shanker and probably some debates framed in that way).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Consider<br \/>\nthe debates about mayoral control in New York City. I don&#8217;t pretend to<br \/>\nknow the inside politics, but anyone looking at the picture three<br \/>\nmonths ago could have predicted a few things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mayoral<br \/>\ncontrol would not be extended precisely as is, but neither would it<br \/>\nend, and whatever came out would be a political compromise.<\/li>\n<li>There would be test scores released that would be spun by multiple sides, and almost surely inaccurately on multiple sides.<\/li>\n<li>Weingarten would have to make choices about where to push for change in mayoral control.<\/li>\n<li>Someone<br \/>\nwould accuse Weingarten of being a sellout no matter what position she<br \/>\ntook, because she would be presumed to have given her okay for whatever<br \/>\ncame out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I can&#8217;t see either the logic in Scott&#8217;s<br \/>\nunderstanding of his own local or how Scott thinks teachers unions<br \/>\nshould behave in public debates such as over mayoral control. He either<br \/>\nis using Shanker as a synecdoche for the strategic choices <i>many<\/i><br \/>\nUFT leaders have made over the decades or truly thinks that the key<br \/>\nproblem is that the wrong charismatic leader is in charge. Okay:<br \/>\nWeingarten will be gone from the active UFT leadership in some months,<br \/>\nso who&#8217;s going to be the next target? I suspect that Scott knows deep<br \/>\ndown that his fight is with a very large group of fellow unionists who<br \/>\njust disagree with his desire for more open conflict.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>One of the<br \/>\ndilemmas with collective bargaining is the fact that the act of<br \/>\ncollective bargaining channels an adversarial conflict into a pattern<br \/>\nof routines that then circumscribes relationships between union and<br \/>\nmanagement. Sit down and bargain, ratify, enforce agreements, picket<br \/>\nand strike, lobby publicly for your members&#8217; interests and values:<br \/>\nthese are the public tools of power for a recognized union. A skilled<br \/>\nunion leadership knows how to use more than one of the tools at any<br \/>\ntime and if both wise and lucky will use the right tools more often<br \/>\nthan the wrong tools. An unskilled union leadership relies on a narrow<br \/>\nset of tools in a predictable and increasingly less effective way until<br \/>\nits members have essentially lost all the advantages of representation.<br \/>\nBut as several labor historians have pointed out (and my apologies for<br \/>\nforgetting the names right now), there is no way to avoid the fact that<br \/>\nif you buy into the legal authority of a union, you then buy into the<br \/>\nset of tools that gives you.<\/p>\n<p>Buying into that set of tools is<br \/>\nnot the only choice, of course; there&#8217;s the historical example of the<br \/>\nWobblies who disdained contracts and collective discipline. I don&#8217;t<br \/>\nmean to suggest that the alternative is to match the violence by some Wobblies, but suppose for a moment that a union&#8217;s leadership<br \/>\nessentially ignored contracts, contract enforcement, and the like, and<br \/>\ninstead let the union culture evolve into wildcat direct action much of<br \/>\nthe time. There are two problems with arguments that unions should look<br \/>\nmore like the Wobblies (absent violence) than the UFT. First, I don&#8217;t<br \/>\nthink it&#8217;s a very smart political move. Because this country has 70<br \/>\nyears of at least putative legal protection\/recognition of union<br \/>\norganizing and close to 40 years of effective public-employee<br \/>\norganizing, most of the general public would conclude that anarchic<br \/>\ndirect-action participants over the age of 22 are trying to eat their<br \/>\ncake and have it, too &#8212; have the benefits of legal recognition without<br \/>\ntrying to take on any responsibility to follow the consequences of that<br \/>\nrecognition. In addition, in the internet age, glaring inconsistencies<br \/>\nin the explanations of direct-action participants will make a union<br \/>\nlook like its members are less in touch with reality than George W. Bush, more<br \/>\nmanipulative than Dick Cheney, or both.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps more importantly, a lack of collective discipline and strategic choice is a path that is going to lose more often than win. Direct action does work where it&#8217;s organized and lucky. It does not always work, and as <a href=\"http:\/\/normsnotes2.blogspot.com\/2009\/05\/day-my-union-died.html?showComment=1244181800696#c9144967495305258531\">one observer noted<\/a> about the United Teachers of Los Angeles one-day strike fizzle, if it&#8217;s intended as a public show without a broader strategy around it, it&#8217;s nothing but street theater, perhaps entertaining and good enough for the evening news, but not enough to shape policy.<\/p>\n<p>Maybe Weingarten needed to drive<br \/>\na harder bargain (and I think that&#8217;s a reasonable position to take, that she made her peace too early), but you are making an implicit argument against collective discipline if you pretend that a union doesn&#8217;t <i>have<\/i> to make strategic choices, make bargains with adversaries, or decide what is a reasonable settlement. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I had such good intentions this morning. After dropping off my daughter at the High School o&#8217; SATs, I figured I&#8217;d sit in the local Starbucks and read student work while she was wearing down No. 2 pencils. So there I was at about 7:45 in the morning, listening to slightly-too-loud Sinatra and reading drafts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11,18,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education-policy","category-the-academic-life","category-union"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pag0MB-qC","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1650"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1650\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shermandorn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}